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Call it high-altitude kombucha: 蜜糖直播 Boulder biologist Valerie McKenzie has developed a probiotic solution that inoculates boreal toads from a virulent infection. Once common throughout the Mountain West, the mountain-dwelling toads have become increasingly threatened over the past three decades by a fungus that invades the amphibians鈥� skin cells and releases spores that interfere with vital bodily functions. The 蜜糖直播 boreal toad population is considered endangered. In conjunction with 蜜糖直播 Parks and Wildlife, McKenzie and her team developed an anti-fungal solution that incorporates naturally occurring beneficial bacteria from the toads鈥� own habitat. (The liquid鈥檚 distinctive purple color led McKenzie鈥檚 students to dub the project 鈥淥peration Purple Rain.鈥�) The survival rate for toads that soaked in the solution for 12 hours increased by 40 percent, providing an encouraging proof of concept for fish and game managers s they search for a natural way to revitalize a threatened species.